Schedule FA — Foreign Asset Disclosure & Black Money Act

Every resident individual who at any time during the year held: foreign bank accounts, foreign immovable property, beneficial interest in foreign entities, foreign equity/debt securities, foreign accounts with a signing authority, trusts, or any other foreign assets — must disclose in Schedule FA. Failure to disclose is a violation of the Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) Act 2015 — penalty ₹10 lakh per year of non-disclosure, plus penalty of 3x the tax on the foreign income.

The IT portal instructions require peak balance to be reported — not year-end balance. The peak balance during the calendar year (January to December, corresponding to the financial year ending March) is converted at the telegraphic transfer buying rate (TTBR) of the SBI as on the last day of the relevant calendar year. Each foreign asset type has its own Schedule FA section with specific disclosure items.

Yes — Schedule FA is required for all residents (including RNOR) with foreign assets. Even though an RNOR's foreign income may be exempt under Section 5, the asset disclosure in Schedule FA is mandatory. The Black Money Act applies to all residents regardless of RNOR status. Filing Schedule FA for an RNOR year does not itself create a tax liability — it is a disclosure requirement only.

India is a signatory to FATCA (US) and CRS (OECD Common Reporting Standard). Indian residents' foreign financial accounts are reported by foreign financial institutions to their local tax authorities, who share data with Indian IT authorities under automatic exchange of information agreements. The IT department cross-checks Schedule FA disclosures against FATCA/CRS reports. Discrepancies trigger notices and, in serious cases, Black Money Act investigations.

Yes — through a revised ITR if within the due date, or by filing a belated return. For prior years where assessments are complete, the Black Money Act provides a compounding mechanism — currently there is no formal disclosure scheme (the 2015 compliance window is closed). Voluntary disclosure via a petition to the CBDT or Principal CIT is the practical route; the penalty quantum is negotiable based on the facts.